Walter Gropius was a German architect who founded the Bauhaus movement in 1919, by merging two schools for applied and fine arts in the Weimar Republic. His aim was to found a school that would operate as a centre for industry and crafts, with teaching administered through practical workshops. The manifesto consisted of a four-page pamphlet printed in 1919, in which Gropius announced that in his school, architecture, sculpture and painting would return to craft.